astronomerssaidonwednesdaythattheyhaddiscoveredalostgenerationofmonsterstarsthatusheredlightintotheuniverseafterthebigbangandj theelementsneedforplanetsandlifebeforedisappearingforever .天文学家星期三发现了失踪一代的巨大恒星。宇宙爆炸后,照射光线。
modern-daystarslikeoursunhaveahealthymixofheavyelements,known as metals,butintheaftermathofthebigbangonlyhydrogen, heliumandsmalltracesoflithiumwereavailabletomakethefirststars .太阳等现代恒星大量享受金属元素重元素,但宇宙大爆炸后,包括第一代恒星的元素是氢、氢suchstarscouldhavebeenhundredsorthousandsoftimesassiveasthesun,according to calculations, burning brightly and dying quickly only 200 millionyearsaftertheuniversebegan.theirexplosionswouldhavespewedintospacethelementsthate monucles actionsbywhichsubsequentgenerationsofstarshavegraduallyenrichedthecosmoswithelementslikeoxygen, 根据carbon and iron .计算,这些爆炸必须向宇宙喷出一系列开启热核反应的元素,以前的几代恒星通过热核反应逐渐向宇宙中添加氧、碳、铁等元素。spottingtheolderstarsinactionisoneoftheprimemissionsofthejameswebbspacetelescope是tobelaunchedbynasain 2018.thediscoveryofsuce 》James Peebles,APrince Ton Profe Ssorand on EOFTHEFathers OFMODERER NCMOSMOMOOOOMOOOLOOOOOOOMIID 普林斯顿大学(Princeton )教授詹姆斯佩布雷斯(James Peebles )最近回答说,找到这样的恒星“不是很感人”,是现代宇宙学的创始人之一。
Now,inapapertobepublishedintheastrophysicaljournal,aninternationalcrewofastronomersledbydavidsobraloftheuniversityoflity in pon and the Leiden Observatory,in the Netherlands, saidtheyhadspottedthesignatureofthesefirst-generationstarsinarecentlydiscoveredgalaxythatexistedwhentheuniversewasonlyabout min sbeentravelingtousfor 12.9 billion years是whilesucceedinggenerationsofstarshaveworkedtheirmagictomaketheuniverseinteresting.011 葡萄牙松鼠波恩大学(University of Lisbon )的大卫索布尔(David Sobral )、荷兰雷登天文台(Leiden Observatory )领导的国际天文学家小组是最近发现的银河中第一代恒星这个银河收到的光花了129亿年到达地球,在此期间,以前的几代恒星使用魔法使宇宙看起来很有趣。The galaxy,known as CR7,isthreetimesasluminousasanypreviouslyfoundfromthattime, theauthorssaid.withinitisabrightbluecloudthatseemstocontainonlyhydrogenandhelium .的作者认为,这个被称为CR7的星系的亮度是以前发现的同步星系的亮度的3 这个星系中有可能只含有氢和氦的明亮的蓝色星云。In an email, dr.sobralcalledthisthefirstdirectevidenceofthestars“thatultimatelyallowedusalltobeherebyfabricatingheavyelementsandchars”e se .”索弗拉在邮件中说,这些恒星是直接证明“通过构建重元素改变宇宙的包含,最后要求我们不存在”的第一个证据。
inastatementfromtheeuropeansouthernobservatory,he said,“itdoesn’treallygetanymoreexcitingthanthis .”是欧洲南方天文台(。Garth Illingworth,anastronomerattheuniversityofcalifornia,Santa Cruz,andaveteranofthesearchforearlygalaxies, poi nnies thatthesestarswereappearingfarlaterincosmichistorythantheoryhadpredicted .但是加州大学圣克鲁斯分校(University of California,Santal ) dr.sobralandhiscolleagueswereusingtheverylargetelescopeofthesouthernobservatoryinchileandthew.m.keckobservatoryinheck among o tobuildonanearliersearchforglowingcloudsofhydrogenthatmightrepresentveryearlygalaxies.galaxy cr7-shortforcosmosredshift afterter ectsintheuniversearedated-stood out .索法拉和他的同事利用南方天文台在智利安装的非常大的望远镜(Very Large Telescope ),夏威夷的wm凯克天文台(w.m.keck obsee ) 他们找到了GR7银河——宇宙白后移7号(Cosmos Redshift 7)的简称,因此被称为追溯到远离宇宙的物体的方法。
In an expanding universe,thefartherawayorbackintimeanobjectis,the faster it is receding,whichcausesthewavelengthoflightfromittolene thewaythepitchofasirensoundslowerafteritpasses.in astronomy在thislengtheningisknownasredshifting .大幅度收缩的宇宙中,物体越长越消失在天文学中,这种缩短称为白背移位。the galaxy’sname,Dr. Sobral said,WasalsoinspiredbythegreatPortuguesesoccerplayercristianoronaldo,a.k. As in much of astronomy, thenomenclatureofthesestargenerationsisawkwardlyrootedinhistoryandearth-centered.modernstarslis withealthyabundancesofso-ca hanhelium ),are now called Population I, 在mainlybecausetheywerethefirstknown.theymostlyinhabitthespiralarmsandyoungerpartsofgalaxieslikethemilkyway .天文学的主要领域, 每一代太阳等现代恒星都有足够的金属元素(比氦轻的物质),现在被称为第一星族(Population I ),因为主要是最初发现的恒星。
这些主要位于银河系(Milky Way )等银河的回旋臂和年长星系团中。In the middle of the 20th century,however,theastronomerwalterbaadenoticedthatthestarsinolderpartsofthegalaxy,like its core or globulay areolderandhavefewermetals.hecalledthempopulationii .但是20世纪中叶,天文学家瓦尔特巴德(walter ) 他被称为第二星族(Population II )。theadventofthebigbangtheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverseforcedastronomerstorealizethatthefirststarsmusthavehadnometalsatall。
关于宇宙起源的大爆炸理论经常出现,天文学家认识到第一代恒星不得不承认不含有金属元素。这些被称为三星族(Population III )。starsofbothpopulationiiandpopulationiiiareprobablypresentincr 7, dr.sobralandhisteamreport.whilethebluecloudismetal accordingtospectralmeasurements, thecoloroftherestofthegalaxyisconsistentwithmoreevolvedstarsmakingupmostofitsmass.this suggests,they write,thatthepopulationisristinematerialasthegalaxywassendingoutitslight 12.9 billion years ago .索夫拉尔和他的团队报告说,CR7星系中可能不存在第二星族和第三星族恒星。根据光谱测量,这个蓝色的星云不含有金属元素,但这个银河的其馀部分的颜色进化程度很高,与包括其大部分质量的恒星完全一致。
他们写道,这个星系中的三星族恒星组成得很早,说明这个星系是从129亿年前受光时的新物质衰变星云发展而来的。The only alternative explanation,Dr. Sobral said, issomethingsospectacularandunlikelythatastronomersdonotknowifithasever namelyaprimordialcloudbypassingthestarstageandcollapsings hat,he noted,isimpossibletoruleoutbecausenobodyreallyknowswhatitshouldlooklike .索福勒回应了,但其他唯一的解释是难以置信,意外的事情再次发生他认为这种可能性是不可避免的。因为没有人知道它看起来是什么样子。furtherobservationswiththehubblespacetelescopeandthejameswebbcouldhelpresolvetheissue .利用哈勃太空望远镜和詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜有助于解决这个问题。
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